A Medley of Frontend and Backend Performance Testing

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In this talk, I want to introduce you to both frontend and backend performance testing and why a medley of these testing activities are needed to make sure that your website is performant. I'll also give a quick walkthrough as to how tools such as xk6-browser can help with running both protocol-level (how performance testing is normally run through concurrent interactions at the protocol layer) and browser-level tests (testing with real browsers to provide a more realistic performance test).

By the end of this talk, you should be equipped with new knowledge regarding frontend and backend performance testing which you can apply to your work projects.

This talk has been presented at TestJS Summit 2022, check out the latest edition of this JavaScript Conference.

FAQ

Testing both front-end and back-end performance is crucial because it ensures the entire application, from server to user interface, can handle load efficiently and provides a positive user experience without bottlenecks.

Performance testing is the practice of measuring and evaluating how a system responds under certain conditions. It assesses the speed, reliability, and stability of an application, focusing on both front-end and back-end performance.

Performance testing is an umbrella term that includes various types of tests to assess different performance metrics, while load testing is a specific type of performance testing that checks how an application behaves under a heavy number of concurrent users and multiple requests.

Front-end performance testing metrics include how long it takes for a browser to render the entire page and how long it takes for the page to become fully interactive, focusing on the user experience in a browser.

For front-end testing, tools like Lighthouse, Google PageSpeed, and SiteSpeed.io are common. For back-end testing, tools such as JMeter, K6, and Gatling are used. XK6 Browser is a tool that can simulate both browser-based and protocol-level tests.

XK6 Browser is an extension to K6 that adds browser automation and end-to-end web testing capabilities. It allows for the collection of front-end metrics during performance events, enabling a more comprehensive understanding of application behavior.

The 'golden rule' of web performance states that 80 to 90% of the load time of a web page is spent on the front-end, while 10 to 20% is spent on the back-end. This emphasizes the importance of optimizing front-end performance for better user experience.

Marie Cruz
Marie Cruz
34 min
03 Nov, 2022

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Video Summary and Transcription
Performance testing is the practice of measuring and evaluating system response. Front-end and back-end performance testing are crucial for identifying bottlenecks. XK6 Browser is a new tool that allows for browser automation and end-to-end web testing. K6 is a versatile testing tool that covers various use cases. The combination of browser and protocol level testing provides a comprehensive view of performance.

1. Introduction to Performance Testing

Short description:

Welcome to my talk called A Medley of Front-end and Back-end Performance Testing. Performance testing is the practice of measuring and evaluating how your system responds under certain conditions. Load testing is just one type of performance testing. During peak times like Black Friday, response times can significantly increase and cause errors.

♪♪♪ Hey, everyone. My name's Marie. And welcome to my talk called A Medley of Front-end and Back-end Performance Testing. Before I start with my talk, I want to tell you a story first. This story is about Overcooked. I've been playing this game with my 5-year-old daughter. And if you're not so familiar with Overcooked, it's a cooperative game where you have to pass different and unusual kitchen layouts and serve as much food as possible to customers.

When the game starts, it's still pretty normal. Orders are flowing in nicely, and you're getting tips because you're getting sushi orders served on time. As the game gets harder and you get more orders than expected, the kitchen is now overwhelmed. And without proper coordination and teamwork in place, the kitchen is now on fire. You're also not getting tips anymore, and you've got hangry customers waiting impatiently for their food. Because the kitchen can't keep up with the overflowing orders from customers, the whole kitchen is now on fire. Of course, this is very dramatic, but ultimately, you get the picture. The customers are very unhappy, you're getting negative tips, and the kitchen is such a mess that you can't even cook a single potato.

Going back to my topic of performance testing, imagine you are trying to buy some items during Black Friday or Cyber Monday sales. You found an item that you really like, but suddenly, the website that you were using has crashed. It can't keep up with the overwhelming requests from different users simultaneously. This is a very common phenomenon during Black Friday sales. You can see in this example graph as well that during the peak times of Black Friday sales, the response times are significantly higher as opposed to normal periods. This has then resulted to response times errors that can break your website. Most of the time, the response from companies is to buy more servers, thinking that this will fix their performance problems, but this could end up costing you more money. A better investment is if you understand, test, monitor and make performance improvements to your internal application.

2. Performance Testing and Tools

Short description:

Now let's get to the more serious part of this talk. Performance testing is the practice of measuring and evaluating how your system responds under certain conditions. Load testing is just one type of performance testing. Performance testing is typically divided into two areas: front-end or client-side performance and back-end or server-side performance. The golden rule of web performance states that 80 to 90% of the load time is spent in the front end while 10 to 20% is spent in the back-end. Front-end performance testing is limited in scope and focuses on the end user experience, while back-end performance testing helps catch performance bottlenecks. There are various performance testing tools available, including Lighthouse, Google PageSpeed, SiteSpeed.io, and WebPagetest.

Now let's get to the more serious part of this talk. In order for us to make sure that our users have a positive user experience, we need to do performance testing. Performance testing is the practice of measuring and evaluating how your system responds under certain conditions. When you think of performance testing, we are concerned about the speed, reliability and stability of the application that we are testing.

With performance testing, there is often a misconception that it's all about load testing. Performance testing is the umbrella term for any type of performance test while load testing is just one type of performance testing. In a nutshell, load testing checks how your application is behaving if it's been exposed to a heavy number of concurrent virtual users, sending multiple requests at a given time. Within load testing, there's also different variations such as stress testing, soak testing, or spike testing.

Performance testing is typically divided into two areas. We have the front-end or client-side performance, which is aimed at testing how fast a user can see the web responses instantly. It is concerned with the end user experience of an application, which usually involves a browser. Front-end performance testing has metrics that are distinct from back-end performance testing. Example metrics could be, how long did it take for the browser to render the entire page or how long did it take for the page to be fully interactive? Then on the other hand, we have back-end or server-side performance testing, which is aimed at ensuring that when multiple requests are sent from different users, simultaneously, your back-end should be able to handle the load accordingly. Example metrics could be, how long did it take for a response to come back from a specific request or how many failed requests did we encounter?

So, as you can see, performance testing is not just about load testing. With different types of performance testing, you might wonder if there is a priority as to which one is more important. The answer, as with everything, is that it depends, it always is. If we revisit the golden rule of web performance, it states that 80 to 90% of the load time of a web page or application is spent in the front end while 10 to 20% is spent in the back-end. You can see in this image, which I took from Steve Souder's blog, that the average front-end time is significantly higher as opposed to the back-end timings. If we are following this golden rule and you want to make some performance improvements, it's always a great idea to start on the front end and make small recommendations to your team. Performance testing on the front end is also much closer to our users' experience. However, the golden rule of web performance is not always necessarily accurate. If you have a lot of traffic arriving at your website, the front-end response time can remain roughly similar. But once your back-end struggles with the increased concurrency, the back-end time will grow exponentially. Front-end performance testing is executed on the client side and is therefore limited in scope. They don't provide enough information about your entire application. Back-end performance testing is really useful when it comes to catching any performance bottlenecks when your application servers have been exposed to high levels of load. At the same time, front-end performance testing can catch issues related to browsers only, which can be skipped entirely from their protocol level. This is why a mixture of both is key.

Moving on, I want to talk a bit about performance testing tools because there's a variety of tools out there that are available to support you with your performance testing needs. From a front-end perspective, tools such as Lighthouse, Google PageSpeed, SiteSpeed.io, WebPagetest, and even your developer tools can help.

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