Expo vs React Native: Streamlined App Development

  • Expo SDK provides a unified set of npm packages for seamless cross-platform development.
  • Expo Go allows instant app testing on iOS and Android without native builds.
  • Expo Application Services (EAS) simplifies app deployment with a single command.
  • Over-the-air updates enable instant app upgrades without app store redistribution.
  • Expo offers Managed and Bare workflows for flexible app development.

Creating mobile applications that work seamlessly across different platforms can be challenging. However, tools like React Native and Expo are making this process much easier. Expo SDK, a collection of npm packages, allows developers to work with versioned packages that are guaranteed to be compatible with each other. This approach is similar to having a standardized specification, ensuring consistency and reliability in app development.

One of the standout features of Expo is Expo Go, a reusable native runtime that allows developers to test their apps instantly on iOS and Android devices. With Expo Go, there's no need to perform native builds, drastically reducing the time and complexity involved in getting an app from concept to a working prototype. Developers can download Expo Go from the iOS App Store or Google Play Store, providing access to most APIs needed for complex native applications.

Running an Expo project is straightforward. By executing the Expo Start command, developers can use a QR code to quickly open their app on a smartphone, bypassing the need to manually enter URLs. This process is akin to web development, where a browser interacts with a local server. However, it's important to note that this method is only for development purposes, as App Store restrictions require production apps to be distributed through official channels.

Deploying mobile apps traditionally involves complex steps and potential errors, but Expo Application Services (EAS) streamlines this process. With EAS, developers can submit their apps to the app stores with a single command. EAS handles native code signing and other validations locally before sending the source code to build servers, making it possible to perform iOS development on any device without needing a macOS machine.

Expo also addresses the issue of app updates with over-the-air updates. Developers can instantly update their JavaScript and assets by running Expo Publish, pushing changes to a hosting service checked by the app's runtime. This feature allows updates to be downloaded in the background and displayed to users the next time they open the app, similar to a web service worker's caching policy.

React Native and Expo offer a managed workflow for streamlined development, allowing developers to avoid direct interaction with native code while maximizing cross-platform configuration. In contrast, the bare workflow provides full control over every aspect of the project, suitable for developers who need to customize their apps extensively.

Expo CLI simplifies the setup process, enabling developers to start a new project with Expo Init and instantly run it on supported platforms. The development cycle is efficient, with fast refresh preserving component states between updates, making the experience enjoyable and similar to web development.

For those needing custom native code or third-party libraries, Expo provides a mechanism to create a custom development client. This client acts as a bridge between the operating system and the React app, allowing for the inclusion of special native features without directly dealing with native code.

Expo's approach to managing native code includes auto-linking, config plugins, and Expo modules, which automate the process of linking native code and configuring static values. These tools reduce the complexity of app development, allowing developers to focus on building features rather than managing configurations.

Expo's workflows offer flexibility, with the managed workflow providing a simpler approach for developers who prefer not to deal with native code, while the bare workflow allows for more customization. Upgrading React Native apps is also simplified with Expo, as developers can easily update their projects without diving into native configurations.

In summary, Expo and React Native together provide a powerful toolkit for developers looking to build cross-platform apps efficiently. With features like Expo Go, EAS, and over-the-air updates, developers can streamline their workflow, reduce complexity, and focus on creating high-quality applications that run seamlessly on multiple platforms.

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App development is hard, React and Expo make it easy!

It's never been simpler to build and deploy powerful mobile apps with incredible features to both Android and iOS users all over the world.

We’ll discuss building and deploying mobile apps seamlessly from the cloud using EAS, creating powerful dev clients (like browsers but for mobile app development) for testing your app, pushing OTA updates instantly to users, and much more — no native experience required!

This talk has been presented at React Advanced 2021, check out the latest edition of this React Conference.

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FAQ

React Native is a framework that allows developers to build cross-platform mobile applications using React and JavaScript. It enables the same codebase to render on both iOS and Android platforms by using native views instead of web views.

The core differences are that React Native uses proper native views instead of drawing views to Skia like in Chrome. This allows for platform optimizations such as smooth scrolling, gestures, and complex animations. React Native also supports the use of multiple threads and custom native clients for extra functionality.

Some challenges include the need to create a native runtime to get started, managing dependencies which are harder than in web development, distributing the app via App Store or Google Play Store which involves complex code signing, and frequent and complex upgrades requiring familiarity with iOS and Android native development.

Expo simplifies React Native development by providing tools such as a reusable pre-built runtime, fast iteration speed, and integrated cloud services. It allows developers to create and run apps without native builds, manage dependencies easily, publish apps with a single command, and add native code or customize the client with minimal complexity.

Expo CLI is a modern Node.js Command Line Interface that helps developers interface with the bundler, start a development server, and perform various development tasks. Developers can install Expo CLI globally and create new projects with commands like 'expo init' and run them on iOS, Android, or web platforms using NPM scripts.

Expo Go allows developers to instantly open their app on iOS and Android without needing to make native builds. It includes most of the APIs needed for complex native apps built ahead of time, reducing the complexity and time required to launch a 'Hello World' app, making it as easy as web development.

Expo uses a tool called Expo Application Services (EAS) for deploying apps. EAS automates native code signing, validation, and submission to the App Store or Google Play Store. Developers can submit their app with a single command, simplifying the traditionally difficult and error-prone process of deploying mobile apps.

Over-the-air updates in Expo allow developers to update JavaScript and assets in their app instantly. By running 'expo publish,' the JS bundle is pushed to a hosting service, which the app's runtime checks for updates. The next time the user opens the app, the updated version is downloaded in the background and presented.

Expo has two main workflows: the Managed Workflow and the Bare Workflow. The Managed Workflow allows developers to avoid working directly with native code and maximizes cross-platform configuration. The Bare Workflow provides full control over every aspect of the project, requiring manual updates for native configurations.

The Expo SDK is a set of npm packages versioned together to ensure compatibility. It includes core primitives and community packages that support iOS, Android, and web platforms. The SDK simplifies dependency management and provides a reliable versioning system to solve common issues encountered in React Native development.

Evan Bacon
Evan Bacon
27 min
22 Oct, 2021

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Video Summary and Transcription
Today's Talk discussed building cross-platform apps with React Native and Expo, addressing challenges such as setting up the native runtime and managing dependencies. Expo provides a pre-built runtime, native APIs, fast iteration speed, and integrated cloud services. EAS build simplifies app deployment by handling native code signing and validation. Over-the-air updates allow instant updates to JS and assets. Custom native code can be added using auto-linking and config plugins, and Expo supports both Managed and Bare workflows.

1. Introduction to React Native

Today we're talking about building cross-platform apps with React and Expo. React Native allows us to write code once and render to multiple platforms. It uses proper native views for improved performance and allows us to reuse code across platforms. However, there are some challenges, such as setting up the native runtime and managing dependencies. The app's runtime must also be distributed to app stores.

2. Introduction to Expo and React Native Development

In this part, we'll discuss the challenges of code signing and upgrading React Native applications. We'll also introduce Expo, a set of tools that solve these issues. Expo provides a pre-built runtime, native APIs, fast iteration speed, and integrated cloud services. We'll cover creating an app, the development cycle, publishing to the store, adding native code, and upgrading the app. To get started, install Expo CLI, create a new project, and use NPM scripts to start on iOS, Android, or web. React Native's development cycle is fast and enjoyable, and it uses primitives to render native views for each platform. Community packages provide additional features.

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